The research report shows that in 2022, there will be about 20 million new cancer cases worldwide, of which 2.3089 million will be female breast cancer, accounting for 11.6%, ranking second only to lung cancer; there will be 9.7368 million cancer deaths worldwide, of which 665,700 will be female breast cancer, accounting for 6.9%, ranking fourth. By 2050, global breast cancer cases are expected to increase by 38%, and the number of deaths from the disease each year is expected to increase by 68%.
Experts said that according to data released by the World Cancer Organization, the growth rate of breast cancer in the world is about 1.2% per year, and the growth rate of breast cancer in my country is higher than the world average. What are the high-risk factors for breast cancer? Aaron Shafer, a doctor at MD Anderson Cancer Center, introduced that the high-risk factors for breast cancer include gene mutations, family history of breast cancer, and previous chest radiotherapy; secondly, it is related to lifestyle, such as low birth rate, no breastfeeding, early menarche, late menopause, obesity, alcoholism, and no participation in sports activities. It is understood that currently 4 women are diagnosed with breast cancer and 1 woman dies of the disease every minute in the world, and this trend is still worsening. In this regard, experts said that to reduce the incidence of breast cancer, on the one hand, it is necessary to change lifestyle and reduce high-risk factors, and on the other hand, it is about "early diagnosis and early treatment."
Early screening is the key.
How to choose between breast ultrasound and mammography? The International Agency for Research on Cancer has called for increased global investment in early screening and treatment of breast cancer, as it is preventable and has a high cure rate in the early stages. So, how can women conduct early screening? What are the screening methods? How to choose?
Experts recommend that women over 40 years old should have a mammogram taken once every one to two years, and also recommend a breast ultrasound examination at least once a year. Mammograms may reveal very early breast cancer, also known as carcinoma in situ, which generally has not yet developed into invasive cancer and will not cause metastasis. Early detection means early treatment.
Mammography and ultrasound are currently the main examination methods for breast cancer screening in my country. Both examinations have their own advantages and disadvantages. Generally speaking, ultrasound examination is more suitable for women under 40 years old. Ultrasound examination: no radiation, good safety, suitable for women of different ages; Mammography: X-ray examination, radiation; although ultrasound has no radiation, mammography is more sensitive to microcalcifications. According to the internationally accepted BI-RADS grading standard, nodules are classified from 0 to 6. Experts say that women need to pay attention to nodules above level 3, and review them on time or seek medical treatment as soon as possible.
For grade 3 nodules, repeated ultrasound examinations are required every six months;
For grade 4 nodules, the risk of malignancy is relatively high, and puncture biopsy is recommended;
For grade 5 nodules, malignancy is highly suspected, and puncture biopsy is required for a clear diagnosis and subsequent treatment;
For grade 6 nodules, it means that the lesion has been confirmed to be breast cancer by puncture.
Early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer
High cure rate Data show that if women aged 40 to 69 can systematically undergo breast ultrasound and mammography screening, the risk of dying from breast cancer within 10 and 20 years after early diagnosis will be reduced by 60% and 47% respectively compared with those who have not been screened. Experts explained that usually stage I and II breast cancer are classified as early breast cancer, or operable breast cancer. Therefore, early diagnosis and early treatment have a high cure rate. Aaron Shafer: "At MD Anderson Cancer Center, we calculated the 10-year recurrence-free survival rate and overall survival rate. If the patient has no lymph node metastasis, the 10-year recurrence-free survival rate can reach more than 88%, and the overall survival rate can reach more than 92%."
